Semiconductor Device Having Gate Electrode with Spacers on Fin Structure and Silicide Layer Filling the Recess

RELATED APPLICATION

This is a reissue application from U.S. Pat. No. 9,525,036, issued on Dec. 20, 2016, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present inventive concept relates to a semiconductor device and a method for fabricating the same.

DISCUSSION OF RELATED ART

Multi-gate transistors include a fin- or nanowire-shaped silicon body formed on a substrate. Gate electrodes of the multi-gate are formed on the silicon body.

Such multi-gate transistors include a three-dimensional (3D) channel which allows the multi-gate transistors to be scaled down without degrading device performance. Current controlling capability of the multi-gate transistors can be increased without increasing gate width of the multi-gate transistors. A short channel effect (SCE), in which an electric potential of a channel region is affected by a drain voltage, can be suppressed in the multi-gate transistors.

SUMMARY

According to an exemplary semiconductor device, a fin is disposed on a substrate, extending in a lengthwise direction. A first recess is disposed on a sidewall of the fin so that the fin and the first recess is arranged in a straight line along the lengthwise direction. A gate structure crosses the fin in the first direction crossing the lengthwise direction. A spacer is disposed on sidewalls of the gate structure. A source/drain region is disposed in the first recess. The source/drain region is formed under the spacer. A silicide layer is disposed on the source/drain region. The silicide layer and the source/drain region fill the first recess.

According to an exemplary method of fabricating a semiconductor device, a preliminary fin extending lengthwise is formed on a substrate. A dummy gate structure crossing the preliminary fin is formed. A first spacer is formed on sidewalls of the dummy gate structure. The preliminary fin is etched using the dummy gate as a etch mask to form a fin and a trench. The fin is formed under the dummy gate structure and the first spacer. A preliminary source/drain region is formed in the trench. The preliminary source/drain region completely fills the trench. A second spacer is formed on the first spacer and the preliminary source/drain region. A first recess is formed by etching the preliminary source/drain region using the second spacer as a etch mask. A silicide layer is formed in the first recess.

According to an exemplary semiconductor device, a fin is disposed on a substrate. The fin includes a first fin protrusion and a second fin protrusion. A first recess is disposed between the first fin protrusion and the second fin protrusion. The first recess, the first fin protrusion and the second fin protrusion are arranged in a straight line along a first direction. A first gate structure and a second gate structure cross the first fin and the second fin in a second direction crossing the first direction, respectively. A first spacer and a second spacer formed on inner sidewalls of the first gate structure and the second gate structure, respectively. The inner sidewalk face each other through the first recess. A source/drain region is disposed in the first recess. One end of the source/drain region is disposed under the first spacer and another end of the source drain/region is disposed under the second spacer. A silicide layer is disposed on the source/drain region. The silicide layer and the source/drain region fill the first recess.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features of the inventive concept will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept;

FIGS. 2 a and 2 b is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 illustrates effects of the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 4 ;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 6 ;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 8 ;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 10 ;

FIGS. 12 and 13 are a circuit diagram and a layout corresponding to the circuit diagram of a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an electronic system including an exemplary semiconductor device according to the present inventive concept;

FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate exemplary semiconductor systems having an exemplary semiconductor device according to the present inventive concept;

FIGS. 17 to 27 illustrate a method for fabricating a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept; and

FIGS. 28 to 30 illustrate a method for fabricating the semiconductor device of FIG. 6 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the inventive concept may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity. It will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being on another element or substrate, it may be directly on the other element or substrate, or intervening layers may also be present. It will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being “coupled to” or “connected to” another element, it may be directly coupled to or connected to the other element, or intervening elements may also be present. Like reference numerals may refer to the like elements throughout the specification and drawings.

Hereinafter, a semiconductor device 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 .

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept and FIGS. 2 a and 2 b is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 . In FIG. 1 , first and second interlayer insulation layers 181 and 183 are not illustrated for the convenience of a description.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 a , the semiconductor device 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept includes a substrate 101 , a fin F 1 , a field insulation layer 110 , first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c, first and second spacers 131 and 133 , a source/drain region 151 , a silicide layer 161 , a contact 171 , a first interlayer insulation layer 181 and a second interlayer insulation layer 183 .

The substrate 101 may include at least one of Si, Ge, SiGe, GaP, GaAs, SiC, SiGeC, InAs and MP. Alternatively, the substrate 101 may include a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate.

The fin F 1 extends in a lengthwise direction, for example, in a second direction Y 1 . The fin F 1 has long sides and short sides. In FIG. 1 , the long sides extend in the second direction Y 1 and the short sides extend in a first direction X 1 . The present inventive concept, however, is not limited thereto. For example, the long sides may extend in the first direction X 1 and the short sides may extend in the second direction Y 1 . The fin F 1 protrudes from the substrate 101 in a third direction Z 1 .

The fin F 1 may be part of the substrate 101 or may include an epitaxial layer grown from the substrate 101 . The fin F 1 may include, for example, Si or SiGe. The field insulation layer 110 is formed on the substrate 101 , exposing a top portion of the fin F 1 and covering portions of sidewalk of the fin F 1 in the long sides.

The first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c are spaced apart from one another. The first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c are disposed on the fin F 1 and each of the first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c crosses the fin F 1 , for example, in the first direction X 1 at a right angle with respect to the second direction Y 1 . The present inventive concept is not limited thereto. For example, the first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c may cross the fin F 1 at an acute angle or an obtuse angle with respect to a lengthwise direction of the fin F 1 .

The first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c include first to third gate electrodes 121 a, 121 b and 121 c and first to third gate insulation layers 123 a, 123 b and 123 c, respectively.

The first to third gate electrodes 121 a, 121 b and 121 c include first sub metal layers MG 11 to MG 13 and second sub metal layers MG 21 to MG 23 , respectively. The first sub metal layers MG 11 , MG 12 and MG 13 may control a work function, and the second sub metal layers MG 21 , MG 22 and MG 23 may fill spaces produced by the first sub metal layers MG 11 , MG 12 and MG 13 . For example, the first sub metal layers MG 11 , MG 12 and MG 13 may include at least one of TiN, TaN, TiC, TiAlC and TaC. In addition, the second sub metal layers MG 21 , MG 22 and MG 23 may include W or Al. In addition, the first to third gate electrodes 121 a, 121 b and 121 c may include a non-metal material, e.g., Si or SiGe. The first to third gate electrodes 121 a, 121 b and 121 c may be formed by, for example, a replacement process. The present inventive concept is not limited thereto.

The first to third gate insulation layers 123 a, 123 b and 123 c are formed between the fin F 1 and each of the first to third gate electrodes 121 a, 121 b and 121 c, respectively. As shown in FIG. 2 a , the first to third gate insulation layers 123 a, 123 b and 123 c are formed on a top surface and top portions of side surfaces of the fin F 1 . In addition, the first to third gate insulation layers 123 a, 123 b and 123 c are disposed between each of the first to third gate electrodes 121 a, 121 b and 12 c and the field insulation layer 110 . The first to third gate insulation layers 123 a, 123 b and 123 c may include a high-k material having a higher dielectric constant than a silicon oxide layer. For example, the first to third gate insulation layers 123 a, 123 b and 123 c may include HfO 2 , ZrO 2 , LaO, Al 2 O 3 or Ta 2 O 5 .

The first and second spacers 131 and 133 are formed on sidewalls of the first to third gate electrodes 121 a, 121 b and 121 c. For example, the first spacer 131 is disposed on the sidewalls of the first to third gate electrodes 121 a, 121 b and 121 c and the second spacer 133 is disposed on the sidewalls of the first spacer 131 . The first spacer 131 is interposed between each of the first to third gate electrodes 121 a, 121 b and 121 c and the second spacer 133 .

The first and second spacers 131 and 133 may include at least one of a nitride layer and an oxynitride layer. The first and second spacers 131 and 133 may include a single layer or multiple layers.

The source/drain region 151 is disposed between the first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c. For example, the source/drain region 151 is disposed on at least one side of each of the first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c. The source/drain region 151 is disposed within the fin F 1 . For example, the fin F 1 includes a trench 141 formed therein, and the source/drain region 151 is disposed within the trench 141 . The trench 141 formed in the fin F 1 exposes a top surface of the substrate 101 . Therefore, the source/drain region 151 is in contact with the substrate 101 . The present inventive concept, however, is not limited thereto. For example, the trench 141 need not expose the surface of the substrate 101 .

The source/drain region 151 defines a first recess 143 , having a U-shaped structure in view of a cross section of the second direction Y 1 , i.g., a cross section taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 .

A top surface of the source/drain region 151 is in contact with the second spacer 133 . For example, a side surface 143 a of the source/drain region is connected to a side surface 133 a of the second spacer 133 without forming a step difference at the boundary of the first and the second spacers 131 and 133 a. For example, a top surface width W 2 of the source/drain region 151 is substantially equal to a bottom surface width W 1 of the second spacer 133 . Such structure may be formed using a manufacturing method to be described below. The present inventive concept, however, is not limited thereto. For example, the top surface width W 2 of the source/drain region 151 may be smaller than the bottom surface width W 1 of the second spacer 133 . Therefore, a distance between the top surface of the source/drain region 151 and the bottom surface of the first, second or third gate structure 125 a, 125 b, 125 c may be greater than or equal to a width of a bottom surface of the first spacer 131 . The source/drain region 151 and the first to third gate electrodes 125 a, 125 b and 125 c are spaced apart from each other without being in contact with each other.

When the semiconductor device 1 is a p-type metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistor, the source/drain region 151 may include a compressive stress material. For example, the compressive stress material may include a material having a larger lattice constant than silicon (Si), for example, SiGe. The compressive stress material may serve to increase the mobility of carriers of a channel region by applying compressive stress to the channel region under the first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c.

When the semiconductor device 1 is an n-type metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistor, the source/drain region 151 may include the same material as the substrate 101 or a tensile stress material. For example, when the substrate 101 includes Si, the source/drain region 151 may include Si or a material having a smaller lattice constant than Si (e.g., SiC or SiP).

The source/drain region 151 may be formed through epitaxial growth.

The silicide layer 161 is disposed within the first recess 143 of the source/drain region 151 . The silicide layer 161 fills the first recess 143 . Therefore, a bottom surface of the silicide layer 161 is lower than the top surface of the fin F 1 . The bottom surface of the silicide layer 161 is nearer to a top surface of the substrate 100 than the top surface of the fin F 1 . Referring to FIG. 2 b , the bottom surface of the silicide layer 161 may contact with the top surface of the substrate 100 . In this case, the source/drain region 151 may not be formed on the bottom surface of the trench 141 . The silicide layer 161 may serve to reduce surface resistance or contact resistance of the source/drain region 151 and may include a conductive material, for example, Pt, Ni, or Co.

The contact 171 is formed on the silicide layer 161 . The contact 171 is disposed between two neighboring gate electrode of the first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c. The contact 171 has a decreasing width downwardly. The inventive concept, however, is not limited thereto. For example, the contact 171 may have a uniform width from a top portion to a bottom portion thereof.

The contact 171 may include a conductive material, for example, W, Al or Cu, but is not limited thereto.

The first interlayer insulation layer 181 and the second interlayer insulation layer 183 are sequentially formed on the field insulation layer 110 . The first interlayer insulation layer 181 may cover the silicide layer 161 and portions of sidewalk of the contact 171 . The second interlayer insulation layer 183 may cover the remaining portions of the sidewalls of the contact 171 .

As shown in FIG. 2 a , a top surface of the first interlayer insulation layer 181 is positioned on substantially the same plane with top surfaces of the first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c. The top surface of the first interlayer insulation layer 181 and the top surfaces of the first to third gate electrodes 125 a, 125 b and 125 c are coplanar with each other through planarization using, for example, a chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) process. The second interlayer insulation layer 183 covers the first to third gate electrodes 125 a, 125 b and 125 c. The first interlayer insulation layer 181 and the second interlayer insulation layer 183 may include at least one of an oxide layer, a nitride layer and an oxynitride layer.

Effects of the semiconductor device 1 shown in FIG. 1 will now be described with reference to FIG. 3 . FIG. 3 illustrates effects of the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 1 .

In the semiconductor device 1 shown in FIG. 1 , the silicide layer 161 is formed to extend vertically from a top surface of the fin F 1 to the substrate 101 . Therefore, in a case where current flows in a channel region, as indicated by the arrow of FIG. 3 , the current flow may be uniformly distributed throughout the channel area. Therefore, in the semiconductor device 1 shown in FIG. 1 , a current crowding effect (CCE) may be reduced.

In addition, since the resistance of the silicide layer 161 is lower than the resistance of the source/drain region 161 and the resistance of the fin F 1 , the resistance of transistor is reduced.

Hereinafter, a semiconductor device 2 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 . For the convenience of description, description of the same elements as in the semiconductor device 1 of FIG. 1 will be omitted, and the following description will focus on differences between the semiconductor devices 1 and 2 .

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device 2 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 4 . In FIG. 4 , first and second interlayer insulation layers 181 and 183 are not shown for the convenience of description.

In the semiconductor device 2 shown in FIG. 4 , first to third capping layers 191 , 192 and 193 are disposed on first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c, respectively. The first to third capping layers 191 , 192 and 193 may serve to suppress the first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c from being affected by external factors. In addition, in a case where a contact 171 is misaligned, the first to third capping layers 191 , 192 and 193 may prevent the first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c from being in contact with the contact 171 , thereby avoiding a failure of the semiconductor device 2 .

The first to third capping layers 191 , 193 and 195 may include, for example, at least one of an oxide layer, a silicon nitride (SiN) layer, and so on.

Hereinafter, a semiconductor device 3 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 . For the convenience of description, description of the same elements as in the semiconductor device 1 of FIG. 1 will be omitted, and the following description will focus on differences between the semiconductor devices 1 and 3 .

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device 3 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 6 . In FIG. 6 , first and second interlayer insulation layers 181 and 183 are not shown for the convenience of description.

In the semiconductor device 3 shown in FIG. 6 , unlike in the semiconductor device 1 shown in FIG. 1 , a source/drain region is formed in multiple layers. Referring to FIG. 7 , a first source/drain region 153 , a third source/drain region 155 , and a silicide layer 161 are disposed in a trench 141 . The first source/drain region 153 may be conformally formed along sidewalls and a bottom surface of the trench 141 formed in a fin F 1 . The source/drain region 153 defines a second recess 145 . The second source/drain region 155 is disposed in the second recess 145 . For example, the second source/drain region 155 may be conformally formed along sidewalls and a bottom surface of the first recess 145 . The second source/drain region 155 defines a third recess 147 . A silicide layer 161 is formed in the third recess 147 .

Top surfaces of the first and second source/drain regions 153 and 155 are in contact with a bottom surface of a second spacer 134 . In addition, a width W 3 of the bottom surface of the second spacer 134 is greater than or equal to a sum of a width W 5 of the top surface of the first source/drain region 153 and a width W 4 of the top surface of the second source/drain region 155 .

A side surface 134 a of the second spacer 134 a is connected to an inner side surface 147 a of the second source/drain region 155 without forming a step at the boundary between the second spacer 134 a and the second source/drain region 155 .

The first source/drain region 153 and the second source/drain region 155 may be formed by epitaxial growth and may include a first material. For example, the first material may be doped in the first/drain region 153 and the second source/drain region 155 . The first material may be referred to as a first impurity. A concentration of the first material included in the first source/drain region 153 may be different from a concentration of the first material included in the second source/drain region 155 . For example, the concentration of the first material included in the second source/drain region 155 may be higher than the concentration of the first material included in the first source/drain region 153 . Forming source/drain regions using the first material having different concentrations makes it possible to prevent a defect from being formed and facilitates the forming of the source/drain regions. Here, the first material may include, for example, Ge.

Hereinafter, a semiconductor device 4 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9 . For the convenience of description, description of the same elements as in the semiconductor device 1 of FIG. 1 will be omitted, and the following description will focus on differences between the semiconductor devices 1 and 4 .

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device 4 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 8 . In FIG. 8 , first and second interlayer insulation layers 181 and 183 are not shown for the convenience of description.

The semiconductor device 4 shown in FIG. 8 includes a substrate 101 , a field insulation layer 110 , first to third gate structures 128 a, 128 b and 128 c, a source/drain region 161 , a contact 171 , and first to third nano wires n 1 , n 2 and n 3 .

The semiconductor device 4 may be referred to as a gate-all-round device and include nano wires n 1 , n 2 and n 3 , instead of the first fin F 1 of FIGS. 1 to 7 .

The substrate 101 may be, for example, a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate. The field insulation layer 110 is formed on the substrate 101 .

The first to third gate structures 128 a, 128 b and 128 c may be disposed on the field insulation layer 110 to be spaced apart from one another. In FIG. 8 , the first to third gate structures 128 a, 128 b and 128 c are spaced apart from one another in a second direction Y 1 . The present inventive concept, however, is not limited thereto. For example, the first to third gate structures 128 a, 128 b and 128 c may be spaced apart from one another in a first direction X 1 .

The first to third gate structures 128 a, 128 b and 128 c surround the first to third nano wires n 1 , n 2 and n 3 , respectively. Therefore, in view of a cross section taken along line B-B, the first to third gate structures 128 a, 128 b and 128 c are disposed on both sides of the first to third nano wires n 1 , n 2 and n 3 , respectively. For example, each of the first to third nano wires n 1 , n 2 and n 3 penetrates each of the first to third gate structures 128 a, 128 b and 128 c along the second direction Y 1 .

In FIG. 8 , the first to third nano wires n 1 , n 2 and n 3 each has a circular cross section. Alternatively, cross sections of the first to third nano wires n 1 , n 2 and n 3 may be oval, rectangular or square shapes.

The first to third gate structures 128 a, 128 b and 128 c may include first to third gate insulation layers 126 a, 126 b and 126 c and first to third gate electrodes 127 a, 127 b and 127 c, respectively.

The first to third gate insulation layers 126 a, 126 b and 126 c surround the first to third nano wires n 1 , n 2 and n 3 . The first to third gate insulation layers 126 a, 126 b and 126 c are pipe-shaped, extending in the second direction Y 1 .

The first to third gate electrodes 127 a, 127 b and 127 c surround the first to third gate insulation layers 126 a, 126 b and 126 c, respectively. A first spacer 131 and a second spacer 133 are sequentially formed on both sidewalk of the first to third gate electrodes 127 a, 127 b and 127 c.

A source/drain region 151 is formed in regions between two neighboring gate electrodes of the first to third gate electrodes 127 a, 127 b and 127 c and is spaced apart from the first to third gate electrodes 127 a, 127 b and 127 c by the first spacer 131 and the field insulation layer 110 . The source/drain region 151 is in contact with the first to third nano wires n 1 , n 2 and n 3 .

A top surface of the source/drain region 151 is in contact with the second spacer 133 , and a width W 7 of the top surface of the source/drain region 151 is substantially equal to a width W 6 of a bottom surface of the second spacer 133 . A side surface 143 a of the source/drain region 151 is connected to a side surface 133 a of the second spacer 133 without forming a step at the boundary between the source/drain region 151 and the second spacer 133 . Alternatively, the width W 7 of the top surface of the source/drain region 151 may be smaller than the width W 6 of the bottom surface of the second spacer 133 . In this case, the side surface 143 a of the source/drain region 151 may be connected to the side surface 133 a of the second spacer 133 forming a step at the boundary of the source/drain region 151 and the second spacer 133 .

The source/drain region 151 defines a first recess 143 , and a silicide layer 161 is disposed in the first recess 143 . For example, the silicide layer 161 fills the first recess 143 and is disposed between two neighboring nano wires of the first to third nano wires n 1 , n 2 and n 3 . A thickness of the silicide layer 161 is greater than thicknesses of the first to third nano wires n 1 , n 2 and n 3 .

A contact 171 is formed on the silicide layer 161 , and first and second interlayer insulating layers 181 and 183 cover side surfaces of the contact 171 .

Hereinafter, a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11 . For the convenience of description, description of the same elements as in the semiconductor device 1 of FIG. 1 will be omitted.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device 5 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept. For the convenience of description, first and second interlayer insulation layers 181 and 183 are not shown.

The semiconductor device 5 shown in FIG. 10 includes two nano wires n 11 and n 12 vertically stacked on each other. The two nano wires n 11 and n 12 are surrounded by a single gate structure 129 a.

A source/drain region 151 may be in contact with at least one of the two nano wires n 11 and n 12 . Current flows may be formed through the at least one nano wire that is in contact with the source/drain region 151 . An amount of driving current may be determined by the number of nano wires n 11 and n 12 that is in contact with the source/drain region 151 . For example, assuming that one nano wire flows a current amount of j, two nano wires flow a current amount of 2j.

Referring to FIG. 11 , the semiconductor device 6 includes four nano wires n 21 , n 22 , n 23 and n 24 vertically stacked on each other. First and second interlayer insulation layers 181 and 183 are not shown for the convenience of description.

In FIG. 11 , an amount of driving current may be determined by the number of nano wires n 21 , n 22 , n 23 and n 24 that are in contact with a source/drain region 151 . For example, assuming that two nano wires flows a current amount of 2j, three nano wires flow a current amount of 3j. The number of nano wires is not limited thereto, and it may be greater than four.

Next, a semiconductor memory device including a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13 .

FIGS. 12 and 13 are a circuit diagram and a layout illustrating a semiconductor memory device including a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept.

For example, the semiconductor memory device of FIG. 12 includes a static random access memory (SRAM) cell having a fin type semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept. The inventive concept is not limited thereto, and may also be applied to other semiconductor devices.

First, referring to FIG. 12 , the semiconductor device includes a pair of inverters INV 1 and INV 2 connected in parallel between a power supply node Vcc and a ground node Vss. A first pass transistor PS 1 and a second pass transistor PS 2 are connected to output nodes of the inverters INV 1 and INV 2 . The first pass transistor PS 1 and the second pass transistor PS 2 are connected to a bit line 13 L and a complementary bit line BL/. Gates of the first pass transistor PS 1 and the second pass transistor PS 2 are connected to a word line WL.

The first inverter INV 1 includes a first pull-up transistor PU 1 and a first pull-down transistor PD 1 connected in series to each other, and the second inverter INV 2 includes a second pull-up transistor PU 2 and a second pull-down transistor PD 2 connected in series to each other. The first pull-up transistor PU 1 and the second pull-up transistor PU 2 are PMOS transistors, and the first pull-down transistor PD 1 and the second pull-down transistor PD 2 are NMOS transistors.

In addition, the first inverter INV 1 is cross-coupled to the second inverter INV 2 to form a latch circuit. For example, an input node of the first inverter INV 1 is connected to an output node of the second inverter INV 2 and an input node of the second inverter INV 2 is connected to an output node of the first inverter INV 1 .

Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13 , a first fin 310 , a second fin 320 , a third fin 330 and a fourth fin 340 , which are spaced apart from one another, extends lengthwise in one direction (e.g., in an up-and-down direction of FIG. 13 ). The second fin 320 and the third fin 330 may extend in smaller lengths than the first fin 310 and the fourth fin 340 in the layout corresponding to the SRAM cell of FIG. 12 .

In addition, a first gate electrode 351 , a second gate electrode 352 , a third gate electrode 353 , and a fourth gate electrode 354 are formed to extend in the other direction (for example, in a left-and-right direction of FIG. 13 ) to intersect the first fin 310 to the fourth fin 340 . For example, the first gate electrode 351 completely intersects the first fin 310 and the second fin 320 while partially overlapping with a terminal of the third fin 330 . The third gate electrode 353 completely intersects the fourth fin 340 and the third fin 330 while partially overlapping with a terminal of the second fin 320 . The second gate electrode 352 and the fourth gate electrode 354 are formed to intersect the first fin 310 and the fourth fin 340 , respectively.

The first pull-up transistor PU 1 is formed in an intersection of the first gate electrode 351 and the second fin 320 , the first pull-down transistor PD 1 is formed in an intersection of the first gate electrode 351 and the first fin 310 , and the first pass transistor PS 1 is formed in an intersection of the second gate electrode 352 and the first fin 310 . The second pull-up transistor PU 2 is formed in an intersection of the third gate electrode 353 and the third fin 330 , the second pull-down transistor PD 2 is formed in an intersection of the third gate electrode 353 and the fourth fin 340 , and the second pass transistor PS 2 is formed in an intersection of the fourth gate electrode 354 and the fourth fin 340 .

Recesses may be formed in regions between two neighboring intersections of the first to fourth gate electrodes 351 - 354 and the first to fourth fins 310 , 320 , 330 and 340 . Sources/drains may be formed in the recesses.

In addition, a plurality of contacts 350 may be formed in the recesses.

Further, a shared contact 361 is formed at a region where the second fin 320 , the third gate electrode 353 and a wire 371 are connected to each other. A shared contact 362 is formed at a region where the third fin 330 , the first gate electrode 351 and a wire 372 are connected to each other.

The first pull-tip transistor PU 1 and the second pull-up transistor PU 2 may include a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an exemplary electronic system including a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept.

Referring to FIG. 14 , the electronic system 1100 includes a controller 1110 , an input/output device (I/O) 1120 , a memory device 1130 , an interface 1140 and a bus 1150 . The controller 1110 , the I/O 1120 , the memory device 1130 , and/or the interface 1140 are connected to each other through the bus 1150 . The bus 1150 corresponds to a path through which data moves.

The controller 1110 may include at least one of a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, a microcontroller, and logic elements capable of functions similar to those of these elements. The I/O 1120 may include a keypad, a keyboard, a display device, and so on. The memory device 1130 may store data and/or commands. The interface 1140 may perform functions of transmitting data to a communication network or receiving data from the communication network. The interface 1140 may be wired or wireless. For example, the interface 1140 may include an antenna or a wired/wireless transceiver, and so on. Although not shown, the electronic system 1100 may further include high-speed dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and/or SRAM devices as a working memory for operating the controller 1110 . The memory device 1130 may include a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept. The controller 1110 and/or the I/O 1120 may include a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept.

The electronic system 1100 may be applied to a personal digital assistant (FDA), a portable computer, a web tablet, a wireless phone, a mobile phone, a digital music player, a memory card, or any type of electronic device capable of transmitting and/or receiving information in a wireless environment.

FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate exemplary semiconductor systems including a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept. FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary tablet PC including a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept, and FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary notebook computer including a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept. The inventive concept is not limited thereto, and other electronic devices may include a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept.

Hereinafter, a method for fabricating a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 27 . Descriptions of the same content as described above will not be repeated, and the following description will focus on differences.

FIGS. 17 to 27 illustrate intermediate process steps of a method for fabricating a semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept. FIGS. 17 to 20 are perspective views of the semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept, and FIGS. 21 to 27 are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept.

Referring to FIG. 17 , a preliminary fin F 1 is formed on a substrate 101 , protruding in a third direction Z 1 . The preliminary fin F 1 extends in a lengthwise direction, for example, in a second direction Y 1 . Therefore, the preliminary fin F 1 has long sides extending in the second direction and short sides extending in a first direction X 1 , but the present inventive concept is not limited thereto. For example, the long side direction may be the first direction X 1 and the short side direction may be the second direction Y 1 .

The preliminary fin F 1 may be part of the substrate 101 or may include an epitaxial layer grown from the substrate 101 . The preliminary fin F 1 may include, for example, Si or SiGe.

Referring to FIG. 18 , an insulation layer 110 a is formed to cover sidewalls of the preliminary fin F 1 . The insulation layer 110 a may include at least one of a silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, and a silicon oxynitride layer.

Referring to FIG. 19 , a field insulation layer 110 is formed by recessing a top portion of the insulation layer 110 a and a top portion of the preliminary fin F 1 is exposed. The recessing may include selective etching.

Alternatively, a portion of the preliminary fin F 1 protruding above the field insulation layer 110 may be formed by an epitaxial process. For example, after forming the insulation layer 110 a, the portion of the preliminary fin F 1 may be formed by an epitaxial process using a top surface of the preliminary fin F 1 exposed by the insulation layer 110 a as a seed without recessing the insulation layer 110 a.

In addition, impurities may be doped in the exposed preliminary fin F 1 to adjust a threshold voltage. For example, in a case of forming an NMOS transistor, doped impurities may be boron (B), and in a case of forming a PMOS transistor, doped impurities may be phosphorus (F) or arsenic (As).

Next, first to third dummy gate structures 211 a, 211 b and 211 c crossing the fin F 1 are formed on the fin F 1 . The first to third dummy gate structures 211 a, 211 b and 211 c are spaced apart from one another. In FIG. 19 , the first to third dummy gate structures 211 a, 211 b and 211 c cross the preliminary fin F 1 at right single in a first direction X 1 . However, the present inventive concept is not limited thereto. The first to third dummy gate structures 211 a, 211 b and 211 c may cross the preliminary fin F 1 at an acute angle and/or an obtuse angle with respect to a second direction Y 1 .

The first to third dummy gate structures 211 a, 211 b and 211 c include first to third dummy gate insulation layers 213 a, 213 b and 213 c and first to third dummy gate electrodes 215 a, 215 b and 215 c, respectively.

The first to third dummy gate insulation layers 213 a, 213 b and 213 c and the first to third dummy gate electrodes 215 a, 215 b and 215 c may be sequentially stacked one on another.

The first to third dummy gate insulation layers 213 a, 213 b and 213 c are conformally formed on a top surface and top portions of the sidewalls of the preliminary fin F 1 . In addition, the first to third dummy gate insulation layers 213 a, 213 b and 213 c is positioned between the first to third dummy gate electrodes 215 a, 215 b and 215 c and the field insulation layer 110 , respectively.

The first to third dummy gate electrodes 215 a, 215 b and 215 c are formed on the first to third dummy gate insulation layers 213 a, 213 b and 213 c, respectively.

For example, the first to third dummy gate electrodes 215 a, 215 b and 215 c may include silicon oxide, and the first to third dummy gate insulation layers 213 a, 213 b and 213 c may include polysilicon.

The first to third hard mask layers 217 a, 217 b and 217 c are formed on the first to third dummy gate structures 211 a, 211 b and 211 c, respectively. The first to third dummy hard mask layers 217 a, 217 b and 217 c may include at least one of a silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer and a silicon oxynitride layer.

Referring to FIGS. 20 and 21 , a first spacer 131 is formed on both sidewalls of each of the first to third dummy gate structures 211 a, 211 b and 211 c. The first spacer 131 may expose top surfaces of the first to third hard mask layers 217 a, 217 b and 217 c. The first spacer 131 may include a silicon nitride layer or a silicon oxynitride layer.

Referring to FIG. 22 , a trench 141 is formed in the preliminary fin F 1 to form a fin F 1 . The trench 141 may be formed using the first spacer 131 and the first to third hard mask layers 217 a, 217 b and 217 c as etch masks. The trench 141 may be formed by etching the preliminary fin F 1 exposed without being covered by the first spacer 131 and the first to third dummy gate structures 211 a, 211 b and 211 c. The trench 141 is self aligned by the first spacer 131 . As shown in FIG. 22 , the trench 141 may be formed by etching the fin F 1 to expose a top surface of the substrate 101 .

Referring to FIG. 23 , a preliminary source/drain region 151 a is formed in the trench 141 . The source/drain region 151 a may be formed by epitaxial growth.

Next, a second spacer 133 is formed on sidewalls of the first spacer 131 , covering a portion of the preliminary source/drain region 151 a. A thickness of the portion in the preliminary source/drain region 151 a may be determined by a width of the second spacer 133 .

Referring to FIG. 24 , the preliminary source/drain region 151 a is etched to form a first recess 143 and a source/drain region 151 . The first recess 143 is defined by the source/drain region 151 having a U shape. The first recess 143 may be formed by etching the preliminary source/drain region 151 a using the second spacer 133 and the first to third dummy gate structures 211 a, 211 b and 211 c as etch masks. Therefore, the first recess 143 is self aligned with the second spacer 133 . For example, an outer surface of the second spacer 133 is connected with an outer surface of the second spacer 133 . In addition, the second spacer 133 and the source/drain region 151 are in contact with each other.

Referring to FIG. 25 , a silicide layer 161 is formed in the first recess 143 . Since the silicide layer 161 is formed in the first recess 143 , a distance between the top surface of the substrate 101 and a bottom surface of the silicide layer 161 is smaller than a distance between the top surface of the substrate 101 and the top surface of the fin F 1 .

Referring to FIG. 26 , a first interlayer insulation layer 181 is formed on the silicide layer 161 . The first interlayer insulation layer 181 exposes the first to third hard mask layers 217 a, 217 b and 217 c.

Referring to FIG. 27 , the first to third dummy gate structures 211 a, 211 b and 211 c are replaced by first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c. First, the first to third hard mask layers 217 a, 217 b and 217 c are removed by using a planarization process (e.g., CMP), thereby exposing the first to third dummy gate structures 211 a, 211 b and 211 c. Next, the exposed first to third dummy gate structures 211 a, 211 b and 211 c are removed and then, the first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c are formed in the regions where the first to third dummy gate structures 211 a, 211 b and 211 c were formed. The first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c include first to third gate insulation layers 123 a, 123 b and 123 c and first to third gate electrodes 121 a, 121 b and 121 c sequentially stacked, respectively.

Next, referring back to FIG. 2 , a second interlayer insulation layer 183 is formed on the resultant product of FIG. 27 , and a contact 171 penetrating through the first and second interlayer insulation layers 181 and 183 is formed to be in contact with the silicide layer 161 , thereby fabricating the semiconductor device 1 as shown in FIG. 1 .

Alternatively, top portions of the first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c may be partially removed, and then first to third capping layers 191 , 193 and 195 may be formed on the first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c, respectively. The second interlayer insulation layer 183 may be formed on the first interlayer insulation layer 181 and the first to third capping layers 191 , 193 and 195 . The contact 171 may then be formed, thereby fabricating the semiconductor device 2 as shown in FIG. 4 .

Next, a method for fabricating the semiconductor device 3 of FIG. 6 will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 22 and 28 to 30 . Descriptions of the same content as described above will not be repeated, and the following description will focus on differences.

FIGS. 28 to 30 illustrate intermediate process steps of a method for fabricating the semiconductor device 3 of FIG. 6 .

Referring to FIG. 28 , a first source/drain region 153 including a first material is formed in the trench 141 . The formation of the trench 141 is described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 22 . For the convenience of a description, the description will be omitted. The first source/drain region 153 may be formed by epitaxial growth. In this case, since the first source/drain region 153 is formed on top surfaces of the fin F 1 and the substrate 101 , the first source/drain region 153 may have a U shape defining a second recess 145 .

Referring to FIG. 29 , a preliminary second source/drain region 155 a including a first material is formed in the second recess 145 . The preliminary second source/drain region 155 a may be formed by epitaxial growth.

A concentration of the first material of the first source/drain region 153 may be different from that of the first material of the second source/drain region 155 a. For example, the concentration of the first material of the first source/drain region 153 may be smaller than that of the first material of the second source/drain region 155 a. The first material may include, for example, Ge.

Next, a second spacer 133 is formed on sidewalls of the first spacer 131 . The second spacer 133 is in contact with the first and second source/drain regions 153 and 155 a, covering portions of the first source/drain region 153 and the second source/drain region 155 a.

Next, the second source/drain region 155 a is etched to form a third recess 147 and a second source/drain region 155 a, as shown in FIG. 7 . A silicide layer 161 is formed in the third recess 147 . The first to third dummy gate structures 211 a, 211 b and 211 c are replaced by first to third gate structures 125 a, 125 b and 125 c. A contact 171 is formed on the silicide layer 161 , thereby fabricating the semiconductor device 3 of FIG. 6 .

While the present inventive concept has been shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept as defined by the following claims.